Ipamorelin References: The Cited Pharmacokinetics and Trial Literature

About these Ipamorelin references

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of the peer-reviewed sources below. The set spans the founding selectivity characterization, the single human pharmacokinetic study that anchors the half-life lens, the only published Phase 2 efficacy trial, the rodent and ferret preclinical work, the medicinal-chemistry SAR papers, and the anti-doping detection literature. Each entry carries a DOI and a PubMed link where available. The full citation list is reproduced below in the order it is numbered throughout the site.

  1. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561.
  2. Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416.
  3. Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534.
  4. Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113.
  5. Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. Peptides. 2004.
  6. Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161.
  7. Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;280(1):132-138.
  8. Hansen TK, et al. Novel orally active growth hormone secretagogues. J Med Chem. 1998;41:3705-3714.
  9. Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644.
  10. Ferro P, et al. Structure-activity relationship for peptidic growth hormone secretagogues. Drug Test Anal. 2017;9:87-95.
  11. Tsivou M, et al. Doping control container for urine stabilization: a pilot study. Drug Test Anal. 2017;9:699-712.
  12. Thomas A, et al. Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci. 2016;39:333-341.
  13. Krug O, et al. Analysis of new growth promoting black market products. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2018;41:1-6.
  14. Gajda PM, et al. Glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11:350-354.