# Ipamorelin References: The Cited Pharmacokinetics and Trial Literature

> The Ipamorelin reference list — the founding selectivity paper, the human PK/PD study, the failed Phase 2 ileus trial, the rodent and ferret data, and the anti-doping detection literature, with DOIs and PubMed links.

## About these Ipamorelin references

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of the peer-reviewed sources below. The set spans the founding selectivity characterization, the single human pharmacokinetic study that anchors the half-life lens, the only published Phase 2 efficacy trial, the rodent and ferret preclinical work, the medicinal-chemistry SAR papers, and the anti-doping detection literature. Each entry carries a DOI and a PubMed link where available. The full citation list is reproduced below in the order it is numbered throughout the site.

## References

[1] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/
[2] Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/
[3] Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/
[4] Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/
[5] Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. Peptides. 2004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665799/
[6] Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722321/
[7] Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;280(1):132-138. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11162489/
[8] Hansen TK, et al. Novel orally active growth hormone secretagogues. J Med Chem. 1998;41:3705-3714. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9733496/
[9] Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39043357/
[10] Ferro P, et al. Structure-activity relationship for peptidic growth hormone secretagogues. Drug Test Anal. 2017;9:87-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26811125/
[11] Tsivou M, et al. Doping control container for urine stabilization: a pilot study. Drug Test Anal. 2017;9:699-712. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27497113/
[12] Thomas A, et al. Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci. 2016;39:333-341. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26578461/
[13] Krug O, et al. Analysis of new growth promoting black market products. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2018;41:1-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29864719/
[14] Gajda PM, et al. Glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11:350-354. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30136411/

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A pharmacokinetics-first due-diligence read of the ipamorelin record — the ~2-hour human half-life and the clearance figures logged as the one clean instrument reading, the failed Phase 2 endpoint and the 503A/WADA status entered straight from the register, and the community reports held to one side as unverified; no clinic behind the readout, no endorsement of any seller, and nothing here dosed, prescribed, or sold.